The gerund and the infinitive have parallel uses in english and spanish, but there are also important differences between the two languages. A separate page deals with verbs that are followed by the gerund. Learn all about the spanish gerund in this simple yet comprehensive guide. The gerund expresses an action of the verb in the form of a verbal noun. Just to be super clear about the differences between certain grammatical terms in spanish and english, here are the translations for a few tricky ones. The gerund as the complement of the verb to be one of his duties is attending meetings. We use the gerund in spanish when we want to say that something is happening. Once you are familiar with forming regular and irregular spanish gerunds, you then need to combine them with a verb to form the spanish present progressive tense. She considered applying for a post at that company.
Both forms are invariable, that is, they do not change regardless of their position in a sentence. Gerunds are words that are formed with verbs but act as nouns. Pdf this paper offers a characterization of propositional gerunds in. These special verb forms are known as verbals because these words no longer act like verbs in sentences they have no. Gerunds common verbs followed by gerunds a gerund is a noun formed by taking a verb and adding the suffix ing.
In most translations, the closest thing would be the infinitivo infinitive. The gerund always has the same function as a noun although it looks like a verb. Gerunds and infinitives can function as the subject of a. Fortunately, there are a few simple tricks i will show you to determine if you are dealing with the infinitive, and if not, then use the gerund. The authors of this article isare permitted to use this pdf file to generate printed copies to. Though you may see gerund erroneously translated as gerundio, there is no direct spanish equivalent to an english gerund. For this quiz and worksheet, your understanding of the spanish gerund form is tested. Their memories of traveling in africa will stay with them forever. Choose from 500 different sets of spanish gerunds practice flashcards on quizlet. Through a variety of writing and speaking exercises, students learn when to choose a gerund or infinitive and when either choice is possible.
The hardest thing about learning english is understanding the gerund. Quiz questions ask about turning a verb into a gerund, and you are also asked to. For the vast majority of verbs, the gerund is super easy to form. Gerund and gerundive dickinson college commentaries. Turning a verb with these endings into a verb in gerund is very simple. Conjugate the infinitive in parenthesis to its present participle form.
Like nouns, gerunds and gerund phrases can function as subjects, objects, or complements in a sentence. Greenfield featuring a simplified presentation of spanish grammar and small vocabulary of high frequency words in the context of interesting stories with ample translation exercises to develop oral and written fluency. In english, it is the equivalent of adding ing to a verb. First published 1942, 1943 this edition was prepared by donald l. The replacement of finite verbs by gerunds in quechuaspanish. Adjectives with prepositions followed by gerunds 161. A quick guide to the spanish gerund my daily spanish. To view and print this lesson, youll need to purchase a subscription. Verbs ending in er and ir with a double vowel in the stem. The italicized texts in the above examples are the gerund phrases. The best situation to try to use these gerund rules is in your next spanish. Learn more in the cambridge english spanish dictionary. The following exercises provide you with training in the use of and contrast between these forms in spanish.
The gerund looks exactly the same as a present participle, but it is useful to understand the difference between the two. Verbs and phrases followed by a gerund he apologized for being late. The gerund gerundio is one of three impersonal verb forms in spanish grammar. The gerund learning spanish grammar collins education. In order to form regular gerunds in spanish for ar verbs, you just have to remove the. As a noun the gerund is itself governed by other words.
Gerunds and infinitives can function b to compose a sonata would take months. Although the spanish verbal present participle or gerund that is, the form of the verb that ends in ando or iendois most commonly used with estar and a few other verbs to form what are known as the progressive verb forms, it can also be used by itself without an auxiliary verb to indicate that something is being done or occurring while something else is occurring. Gerunds in english grammar english grammar exercises. Pdf propositional gerunds in english and spanish researchgate. The replacement of finite verbs by gerunds in quechua spanish. Grammar and mechanics using gerunds and infinitives a gerund is a verb form that ends in ing and is used as a noun walking, traveling, voting. In spanish, you must use the infinitive form of the verb if you want the action to act as a noun. A gerund phrase is a group of words beginning with a gerund and including any modifiers to that gerund. In spanish, gerunds can be used in the predicative contexts which take a stage. For spanish gerunds that are completely irregular, you will just need to memorise them. Spanish gerunds can be used for many different situations. This handy chart includes a summary of the rules of when to choose a gerund or an infinitive. Basically, the gerund in spanish is a change we make to the verbs ending to talk about actions in progress or simultaneous actions.
See more ideas about learn english, english grammar and english verbs. We use the verb estar and the gerund of the main verb to conjugate this tense learn the conjugation rules and usage of the progressive tense in spanish grammar with. Instead, use a past participle or restructure the sentence. Theyre very easy to spot, since every gerund is a verb with ing tacked to its tail. A gerund accompanied by its objects, complements, andor modifiers is called a gerund phrase or simply a noun phrase. The video is all in spanish, so try to follow along. Yes, you guessed it, there are some exceptions to the rules that we went through. Gerunds for ar verbs add ando to the stem of the verb. Spanish on the assumption that the gerund might not be equivalent to such ing. A further description of the gerund is below in english. Propositional gerunds, defective category, grammatical. Spanish gerund irregular verbs in progressive tense on this page you are going to learn the gerund or present participle of several irregular verbs like. We use this construction to emphasise the process or progression of an action in the present. The gerund must be used when a verb comes after a preposition.
A gerund is a verb in its ing present participle form that functions as a noun. Learn spanish gerunds practice with free interactive flashcards. This lesson focuses on the form and function of gerunds and infinitives. Like all things grammar, gerunds do take a tiny bit of detective work to spot. Gerunds for er and ir verbs usually add iendo to the stem of the verb. It corresponds to the ing structure of the english language, with the basic difference that in spanish, the ending will not be ing but ando or iendo depending on the verbs form in infinitive. This blog post is available as a convenient and portable pdf that. Note that, unlike english, spanish does not use the gerundio after prepositions or as the subject of a sentence.
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